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儿童慢性过敏咳嗽治疗秘笈 (2)

大医小护 2018-05-11 16:19:59

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  去除异物

  4.Foreign body

  Remove the foreign body.

  5.心因性咳嗽:

  行为干预或心理疗法。

  5.Psychogenic cough

  Behaviour modification therapies and psychological counseling are used for intervention, such as self-hypnosis, biofeedback, or suggestion therapy.

  6.抽动性咳嗽

  根据不同的程度,予以心理行为治疗或联用药物治疗。

  6.Tic cough

  Behaviour modification therapies and psychological counseling or with medications.

  总之,根据专家共识和指南,对于儿童慢性咳嗽,治疗原则是应该先明确病因,针对病因治疗。但根据多中心调查结果发现,慢性咳嗽的宝宝中还有一部分是由多重原因造成的。有时候宝宝的临床表现不典型,一时半会儿找不到明确的原因时,专家给的建议是,可以先经验性的对症治疗,治疗后随访并再评估。如果咳嗽症状没有缓解,根据年龄,病史,体检结果,决定下一步的检查,比如胸片,肺功能测定,过敏原测试,五官科和鼻窦CT检查等等,并评估新的治疗方案。这个过程可能不是一两次就诊,检查和用药就完成。

  According to 2013 Guideline for Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Cough in Chinese Children, the main treatment for chronic cough should be based on the underlying cause. However, sometimes chronic cough was caused by multiple etiologies. An empiric trial of intervention can be applied and then review again. The presence of multiple cough etiologies may delay response to therapy if all causes are not treated appropriately. Additionally, one must periodically reassess therapy and discontinue it in nonresponsive patients. Further investigations may be needed for evaluation, such as chest x-ray, spirometry, allergy test, sinus CT scan etc. Doctors will adjust the management plan according to the assessment.

  看了这么多,爸爸妈妈是不是觉得有点晕头转向,无所适从呢?别急,这里给大家提供出几个看病小技巧:

  1.选择一位爸爸妈妈信任的擅长儿科呼吸专业或过敏专业的医生,听从指导,进行必要的检查和治疗,要有耐心,定期随访,以便根据孩子的具体情况及时调整检查和治疗的方案。

  2.提供医生详细准确的病史,检查结果,治疗经过,及用药情况。比如:

  什么时候开始的咳嗽?

  单声咳还是一连串的咳嗽?

  咳嗽的声音是怎么样的?

  咳嗽频率?严重程度?

  干咳还是湿咳?

  晚上厉害还是白天明显?

  奔跑运动后咳嗽加重吗?

  除了咳嗽还有其他症状吗?

  有没有鼻涕,什么颜色?

  有无打鼾?

  之前有感冒病史吗?

  咳嗽和进食或体位有什么关联吗?

  有没有湿疹史,过敏性鼻炎史或过敏疾病的家族史?

  有没有食物或环境因素过敏史?

  咳嗽有没有和环境因素相关?比如雾霾,粉尘,尘螨,花粉,烟雾,油烟,猫,狗,油漆味,海鲜等等。

  做过什么检查?结果如何?

  另外,经验性治疗效果不佳时,需要家长仔细回忆有无异物吸入的可能,特别是幼儿。

  用的药物名称,剂量?时间?用药后的效果?

  3. 不滥用抗生素和止咳药,用药须在医生的指导下进行。

  单纯的止咳是治标不治本的,而且,有些含有中枢镇咳药物的咳嗽糖浆,会抑制孩子的咳嗽反射,呼吸道中的分泌物就很容易积聚在咽部或气管里继发感染

  Tips for a successful doctor visit:

  1.Choose a pediatrician specialize in allergy and pulmonology.

  2.Prepare for your doctor visit in advance: provide detailed medical history, keep a symptom diary, and know the results of laboratory test and what medications your child is taking.

  When and how did the cough begin?

  What is the cough's character or quality?

  How disruptive and how frequent is it?

  Is it a dry or wet cough?

  At what time(s) does the cough occur? What triggers the cough?

  Is it more during the day or more at the night?

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